The DNA strand that serves as the template for mRNA synthesis; also used in antisense RNA technology in plants.

A substance that neutralizes toxins; not produced by plants, but plants can produce toxin-binding proteins.

A medication that suppresses coughing; some plant extracts are used as natural antitussives.

An order of amphibians that includes frogs and toads, characterized by lack of tail and strong hind limbs.

The terminal opening of the digestive tract through which waste is eliminated.

The main artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

A valve in the heart that prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.

A disorder affecting speech and language skills due to brain damage; not related to plants.

Relating to the origin or primitive condition; often used in evolutionary contexts.

Relating to or situated at the apex or tip of a structure, such as a plant root or shoot.