The male gametangium in algae, mosses, ferns, and fungi that produces sperm cells.

Pigments in plants responsible for red, purple, and blue colors; function in attracting pollinators and protecting from UV.

Black pigmentation of the lungs due to carbon deposits; not applicable to plants.

A member of the primate group that includes apes and humans; not relevant to botany.

A scientist who studies human cultures and societies; not related to plant science.

Attributing human traits to non-human entities; not a scientific concept in plant biology.

Substances that kill or inhibit bacteria; some plants produce natural antibacterial compounds.

A chemical substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria; some are derived from or act on plants.

A protein produced by the immune system in animals; not found in plants, but antibody-based assays are used in plant…

A genetic phenomenon where symptoms of a disorder become more severe in successive generations; not common in plant genetics.