A class of plant hormones that promote cell division and growth, and are involved in various aspects of plant development.

A diagram or representation of the chromosome structure and the position of genes, typically used in the study of genetics.

A scientist who studies cells, particularly their structure, function, and behavior, often using microscopy.

The branch of biology that focuses on the study of cells, their structures, functions, and behaviors.

Referring to the destruction or dissolution of cells, often by the action of enzymes or toxins.

An instrument used to measure various properties of cells, such as size, density, and fluorescence.

A technique used to measure the concentration of specific substances within cells by using light absorption or fluorescence.

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus, which contains organelles and is involved in cellular processes.

Inheritance of traits determined by genes located in the cytoplasm, typically in mitochondria or plastids, rather than in the nucleus.

A condition in plants where the male reproductive organs are sterile due to a mutation in the cytoplasmic genes, often used in plant breeding.