The nucleus formed after a cell division event or the product formed after a radioactive isotope undergoes decay.

A type of plant that does not require a specific photoperiod to flower, instead flowering based on age or other environmental conditions.

A genotype notation indicating one dominant allele (D) and one recessive allele (d), commonly used in Mendelian genetics.

A Latin term meaning ‘from the beginning,’ often used in genetics to describe mutations or processes that arise independently of previous forms.

A chemical compound used in molecular biology for the extraction or purification of nucleic acids.

A large enzyme complex in the electron transport chain, responsible for the final step of cellular respiration, transferring electrons to oxygen to form water.

A family of heme-containing proteins involved in electron transport in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

The process of cell formation and development, including the differentiation and specialization of cells.

The study of chromosomes and their role in inheritance, focusing on the structure, function, and behavior of chromosomes.

The process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.