An enzyme that breaks down elastin, a protein in connective tissues.

The joint in the human arm between the upper arm and forearm, allowing for bending and extending the arm.

A physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field, existing as positive or negative charges.

The ability of a material to conduct electricity, typically measured in terms of the material’s ability to allow the flow of electric charge.

A difference in the concentration of ions across a membrane, combined with a difference in electrical potential, that drives processes like ion transport in cells.

A list of elements or compounds arranged according to their ability to gain or lose electrons, used to predict the direction of electron flow in redox reactions.

A pump that actively transports ions across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump in cells.

A chemical process in which electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous reaction, typically used to decompose compounds like water into hydrogen and oxygen.

A substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, conducting electricity, such as salts and acids.

Energy that travels through space in the form of waves, including visible light, radio waves, and X-rays.