The process of eliminating waste products from the body, including urine, feces, and sweat.

Referring to a process or reaction that releases energy, typically in the form of heat.

The tough outer layer of the pollen grain or spore, providing protection and often contributing to dispersal.

The outermost layer of the fruit, often referred to as the skin or peel.

A gland that secretes its products, such as enzymes or hormones, through ducts to the surface of an organ or body cavity.

Glands that secrete their products, such as enzymes or hormones, through ducts to the surface of an organ or the body.

The process by which cells expel substances, such as waste or proteins, through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane.

The theory that life on Earth originated from extraterrestrial sources, such as comets or meteorites.

Genetic material originating from an external source, which can be incorporated into the genome of a host organism.

A virus that is introduced into a host organism from an external source, rather than being inherited or endogenous.