A segment of a gene that codes for proteins, which is expressed in the final mRNA after splicing.

The hypothesis that exons from different genes can be recombined to create new proteins, contributing to genetic diversity.

An enzyme that removes nucleotides from the ends of a polynucleotide chain, often used in DNA repair processes.

A hard external structure that provides support and protection to certain organisms, such as arthropods and some mollusks.

Describing a process or reaction that releases energy, typically in the form of heat.

Describing species, plants, animals, or phenomena that are unusual, foreign, or introduced from other regions or countries.

A term used to refer to a large landmass during the Paleozoic era, formed by the joining of several ancient continents.

Able to live in a wide range of water depths, typically referring to species that can thrive in both shallow and deep water.

Describing organisms that can tolerate a wide range of salinities, found in estuaries and brackish water.

Able to consume a wide variety of food sources, not restricted to a specific type of diet.