A sensory receptor that responds to external stimuli, such as light, temperature, or sound.

The complete disappearance of a species or group from the planet, typically due to environmental changes or competition.

The inheritance of genetic material that is located outside the nucleus, such as mitochondrial or plastid DNA.

Referring to something that is located outside or beyond the peritoneal cavity, often used in medical contexts.

An organism that thrives in extreme environmental conditions, such as extreme heat, cold, or acidity.

Environmental factors that affect an organism’s growth, development, and survival, such as temperature, light, and nutrients.

The surgical removal of tissue or an organ, often done to treat diseases like cancer.

A DNA repair mechanism in which damaged DNA is removed and replaced with new nucleotides.

Waste matter expelled from the digestive tract, typically in the form of feces.

Waste products expelled from the body, including both solid and liquid waste.