A molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes to label specific chromosomes or regions of chromosomes for visualization under a microscope.

Two chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, one inherited from each parent.

A localized area of a chromosome that swells during transcription, where RNA synthesis occurs.

The complete set of chromosomes in a species, often describing the haploid number (n) or diploid number (2n) in organisms.

The theory that genes are located on chromosomes, and that chromosome behavior during meiosis explains inheritance patterns.

A scientist who studies biological rhythms and the effects of time-related factors on living organisms.

The study of biological rhythms, including circadian rhythms, seasonal cycles, and how they affect organisms’ physiology and behavior.

Relating to the measurement of time or the recording of time intervals, often used in studies of biological clocks or time-based processes.

The pupal stage of an insect, especially in butterflies, where the insect undergoes metamorphosis inside a protective casing.

A milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, which is absorbed from the intestines and transported through the lymphatic system.