The synchronization of an organism’s biological rhythms with external cues, such as light or temperature, often studied in circadian rhythms.

A measure of disorder or randomness in a system, often used in thermodynamics and information theory.

The involuntary urination, especially in children, often referred to as bedwetting.

The surrounding conditions, resources, and influences that affect the survival and development of an organism or group.

Factors that limit the growth or survival of a population, such as predation, disease, and limited resources.

A situation where two or more enzymes compete for the same substrate or similar substrates in a biochemical reaction.

A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reactions in living organisms, often by lowering the activation energy required.

A group of enzymes that work together to perform a specific biochemical function in a cell or organism.

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its specific substrate, facilitating the chemical reaction.

A geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago, during which mammals diversified and the modern climate began to emerge.