A natural fuel, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.

Containing or consisting of fossils, often used to describe rocks or sediments that have preserved ancient organisms.

Adapted for digging or burrowing, often used to describe animals that spend most of their time underground.

A genetic phenomenon that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

A small, central area in the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

Regions on chromosomes that are prone to breakage or damage, often associated with genetic disorders.

A method used to measure the variability in the mutation rates of bacteria or other organisms.

A model describing the structure of cell membranes, in which lipid molecules form a flexible, fluid-like matrix with proteins embedded within.

Another name for the fluid mosaic model, which explains the dynamic nature of cell membranes.

A unit of liquid volume, equivalent to 1/8 of a fluid ounce or approximately 3.69 milliliters.