A laboratory technique used to classify bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on their ability to retain certain stains.

Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet dye during Gram staining, characterized by a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Bacteria that retain the crystal violet dye during Gram staining, characterized by a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall.

Stacks of thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts of plant cells, where photosynthesis takes place.

A type of white blood cell that contains granules in its cytoplasm, involved in immune responses to infections.

A stack of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

A type of biome characterized by vast open areas dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants, with few trees.

Referring to a female animal that is pregnant or carrying developing embryos.

The directional growth of a plant in response to gravity, with roots growing downward (positive gravitropism) and stems growing upward (negative gravitropism).

An herbivorous animal that feeds primarily on grasses or other low vegetation.