Having a higher osmotic pressure compared to another solution, causing water to move toward it.

An abnormal thickening or overgrowth of bone tissue.

A condition where there are extra phalanges (finger or toe bones) beyond the normal number.

A latent tendency for one eye to deviate upward relative to the other eye.

Abnormally high blood pressure, a chronic condition that increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.

A condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, speeding up metabolism.

A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, often causing cells to shrink.

A cell produced by fusing an antibody-producing B cell with a cancer cell, used to produce monoclonal antibodies.

An ion surrounded by water molecules due to attraction between the ion and the polar water molecules.

The process of adding water molecules to a substance or the condition of being combined with water.