The infolding of a membrane or tissue to form a pouch or cavity.

A chromosomal mutation in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.

A loop formed during meiosis when chromosomes with inverted segments align.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose.

An animal lacking a backbone or spinal column.

Muscle that contracts without conscious control, such as cardiac and smooth muscle.

A measure of the degree of unsaturation in fats and oils, determined by the amount of iodine absorbed.

A molecule that inserts between base pairs in DNA, often causing mutations.

A type of cambium located between vascular bundles, contributing to secondary growth in plants.

In genetics, the phenomenon where the occurrence of one crossover event reduces the probability of another nearby.