Excretory structures in some arthropods that help to remove waste products from the body.

An enzyme that breaks down maltose into two glucose molecules during digestion.

A disaccharide sugar composed of two glucose molecules, formed during the digestion of starch.

A class of warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by having hair or fur, mammary glands, and live births (except in monotremes).

Relating to or characteristic of mammals.

A scientist who specializes in the study of mammals.

The branch of zoology that focuses on the study of mammals.

The milk-producing gland found in female mammals, responsible for lactation.

A large molecule, typically made up of smaller subunits, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

The large nucleus in certain protozoans, responsible for controlling the cell’s metabolic functions and activities.