A region of the genome that encodes immune system proteins, especially those involved in antigen presentation.

A disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, affecting red blood cells and causing fever, chills, and anemia.

A salt or ester of malic acid, involved in the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration.

Excretory structures in some arthropods that help to remove waste products from the body.

An enzyme that breaks down maltose into two glucose molecules during digestion.

A disaccharide sugar composed of two glucose molecules, formed during the digestion of starch.

A class of warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by having hair or fur, mammary glands, and live births (except in monotremes).

Relating to or characteristic of mammals.

A scientist who specializes in the study of mammals.

The branch of zoology that focuses on the study of mammals.