9th Class Biology – Short Questions & Answers
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Describe the structure and function of plant tissues.
Plant tissues are classified into two categories: Meristematic Tissue: Located at the tips of roots and stems, it is responsible for growth. Permanent Tissue: Includes three types: 1. Parenchyma: Responsible for photosynthesis and storage. 2. Collenchyma: Provides support to growing parts. 3. Sclerenchyma: Provides structural support through thickened cell walls.
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Define enzymes.
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms.
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What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Checkpoints regulate the cell cycle by ensuring that the cell only progresses to the next phase if conditions are favorable and errors are corrected.
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What is the end product of meiosis?
The end product of meiosis is four non-identical haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
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Explain the stages of the cell cycle.
The cell cycle consists of two main stages: Interphase and Cell Division. Interphase includes three sub-stages: G1 Phase (cell grows and performs normal functions), S Phase (DNA replication), and G2 Phase (preparation for mitosis). Cell Division includes mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division).
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Discuss the process and significance of mitosis.
Mitosis ensures genetic consistency across generations of cells. Stages: 1. Prophase: Chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. 2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell’s center. 3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles. 4. Telophase: Nuclear membranes reform around the chromatids. Mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
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Describe meiosis and its importance in sexual reproduction.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four non-identical haploid cells. It is essential for sexual reproduction as it forms gametes (sperm and egg cells) that combine during fertilization to restore the diploid number and promote genetic diversity.
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Define tissue.
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
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Name the types of plant tissues.
The main types of plant tissues are: 1. Meristematic tissue 2. Permanent tissue (e.g., parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma)
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What is meristematic tissue?
Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth of plants. It consists of undifferentiated cells that divide to form new tissues.
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