Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. There are two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and metabolism but are required in small quantities.

Minerals are inorganic elements that are necessary for the proper functioning of the body, such as calcium, potassium, and iron.

Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose), disaccharides (two monosaccharides like sucrose), and polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose). They serve as a primary energy source, storage of energy, and structural components in cells.

Proteins are made up of amino acids and play a vital role in the body. They function as enzymes (catalysts for biochemical reactions), provide structural support (e.g., collagen in connective tissues), transport molecules (e.g., hemoglobin), and are involved in immune responses (e.g., antibodies).

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotides. DNA stores genetic information, which is passed from one generation to the next, while RNA helps in protein synthesis by translating the genetic code into functional proteins.