10th Class Biology – Short Questions & Answers
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Explain the term ‘zygote’.
A zygote is the single cell formed after the fertilization of an egg by a sperm. It contains a complete set of chromosomes from both parents.
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Explain Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment.
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other, meaning the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another.
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What is the function of the testes?
The testes are male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and secreting testosterone, a hormone that regulates male reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.
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What is a Punnett square?
A Punnett square is a tool used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on the genetic makeup of the parents.
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Define ovulation.
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm.
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Discuss Mendel’s experiments on inheritance.
Mendel’s experiments with pea plants established the fundamental laws of inheritance. He discovered that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes), and these traits are governed by dominant and recessive alleles, leading to his Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment.
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What is menstruation?
Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the uterine lining in females, which occurs when fertilization does not take place. It is part of the menstrual cycle.
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Explain the principles of inheritance.
The principles of inheritance include the concepts of dominant and recessive alleles, segregation of alleles during gamete formation, and independent assortment of genes. These principles are based on Mendel’s work and explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
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Explain the term ‘puberty’.
Puberty is the period of physical and hormonal changes that lead to sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce, typically occurring during adolescence.
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Discuss the human male reproductive system.
The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis. It is responsible for the production and delivery of sperm for fertilization.
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