Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata. It helps in the uptake of water and minerals from the soil to the plant, maintains turgor pressure, and cools the plant. Additionally, transpiration creates a suction force that helps pull water up through the xylem vessels from the roots.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and consists of two stages: Light-dependent reactions: These take place in the thylakoid membranes and use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH while releasing oxygen. Calvin Cycle: This occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts and uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.…

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which certain bacteria, often associated with the roots of legumes, convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3). This ammonia is then incorporated into amino acids and proteins that plants can use. Nitrogen fixation is vital for plant nutrition because nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, proteins, and…