Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots, moves through the plant, and is lost as water vapor through the stomata of leaves.

Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves and stems that allow the exchange of gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) and the release of water vapor.

Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves (where they are produced) to other parts of the plant.

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing light energy for photosynthesis.

Root pressure is the force that pushes water and nutrients up from the roots to the stems and leaves, helping to overcome gravity.

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonia, which plants can use to synthesize proteins and other essential molecules.

Water is essential for plant growth as it is involved in photosynthesis, nutrient transport, and maintaining cell turgidity, which keeps the plant rigid and upright.

Auxins are plant hormones that regulate growth, especially in the elongation of cells. They also play a role in phototropism (growth toward light) and gravitropism (growth in response to gravity).