The diploid, spore-producing stage in the life cycle of plants, such as ferns, mosses, and some algae.

The part of the plant life cycle that produces spores, typically formed after fertilization in plants like ferns and mosses.

A genetic variation or mutation that occurs in a plant, leading to a new, distinct form or characteristic.

A naturally occurring genetic variant of a plant that differs from the parent plant in certain traits, often propagated for…

Referring to a plant or its branches that extend or grow outwards, often covering a wide area.

A young shoot or new growth that emerges from a seed or dormant bud.

A sharp, pointed projection, often found on plants or animals, used for defense or support.

A stiff, pointed structure found on plants, typically used for defense or reproduction.

The practice of cutting back a plant’s spurs, or short stems, to encourage more growth or flowering.

Having or equipped with a spur or sharp projection, typically used for defense or reproduction.