A group of bitter, astringent polyphenolic compounds found in various plants, which can have various uses including as a dye and preservative.

Containing or producing tannins, typically used to describe plant parts such as leaves, bark, or fruit.

A tool or device used to extract liquid from a container or to make a hole in a plant or tree for collecting sap.

The primary, central root that grows downward and gives rise to smaller lateral roots, characteristic of many dicot plants.

Having parts that are arranged in a balanced or equal manner on either side of a central axis.

Having symmetry, where the parts of a plant or organism are mirror images of each other along a central axis.

Describing species that live in the same geographic area and may potentially interact or interbreed.

Having petals that are fused together to form a tube or other structure, common in many flowering plants.

Having fused petals that form a tubular or bell-shaped corolla, typical in certain plant families.

A type of growth pattern in which the main stem stops growing and lateral shoots take over the main axis.