In palms, refers to petioles or stems bearing spines or sharp projections.

Producing a distinct, often pleasant odor due to volatile compounds.

A segment of a jointed stem or fruit (e.g., in legumes).

Jointed; having points of natural separation (e.g., stems or fruits that break easily at nodes).

Non-sunlight illumination used for plant growth (e.g., grow lights).

Growing upward at an angle from the base before becoming erect.

A pitcher-shaped leaf or leaf modification, as in carnivorous plants.

A swelling or enlargement at the base of a sporangium (e.g., in moss capsules).

Having free (unfused) sepals.

A type of asexual reproduction in plants where a diploid gametophyte develops directly from a sporophyte without meiosis.