A botanical term used to credit one author for originally naming a plant and another for validly publishing it.

A prefix meaning ‘out of’ or ‘from,’ used in various botanical terms.

Without wings; describing seeds or fruits that lack wing-like structures.

Seeds that lack endosperm at maturity, where the embryo consumes the nutritive tissue during development.

An external eruption or rash; in plants, sometimes used to describe surface fungal or bacterial infections.

Off-center or not having a central position; describes the positioning of organs in some plant structures.

Sodium ions in soil that are held on the surface of soil particles and can be readily replaced by other…

Capable of being replaced or substituted; in soil science, refers to ions that can be swapped between soil particles and…

An abnormal outgrowth or projection on a plant, such as a gall or wart-like structure.

A growth pattern where the main stem continues to grow strongly and dominates side branches, resulting in a conical shape.