The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, separating the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm.

Protein complexes in the nuclear envelope that regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

A technique in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated egg cell, often used in cloning.

An enzyme that breaks down nucleic acids by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.

A compound consisting of a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) attached to a nitrogenous base, without a phosphate group.

A structural unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, involved in the packaging of DNA in the nucleus.

The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

A pair of complementary nucleotides in a double-stranded DNA molecule, connected by hydrogen bonds (e.g., adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine).

The central and most important part of a cell, containing the genetic material and controlling cell activities.

A type of marine gastropod mollusk, known for its brightly colored body and exposed gills.