Jawless vertebrates; not part of plant biology.

Social behavior related to fighting; not relevant to plant biology.

The practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising animals; central to plant sciences.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; a human disease, not related to plants.

In plants, refers to air-filled cavities such as in aerenchyma, facilitating gas exchange in aquatic or waterlogged conditions.

A thick-walled dormant cell derived from a vegetative cell in certain algae and cyanobacteria, aiding survival in harsh conditions.

Chemical symbol for aluminum; in plants, aluminum toxicity can affect root growth in acidic soils.

A wing-like structure; in botany, used to describe parts of flowers or seeds with winged extensions to aid in dispersal.

A non-essential amino acid found in many proteins and involved in plant nitrogen metabolism.

A genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigment; in plants, albino seedlings lack chlorophyll and cannot photosynthesize.