The outermost layer of the endosperm in seeds, rich in proteins and involved in enzyme secretion during germination.

Photosynthetic organisms ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms; important in aquatic ecosystems and as ancestors of land plants.

Sensitivity to pain; not relevant in plant biology.

A gelatinous substance derived from brown algae, used in food and industrial applications and as a growth medium.

A digestive tract found in animals; not applicable to plants.

Possessing the characteristics of life, including in plants: growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.

A base that dissolves in water; alkaline soils affect nutrient availability and plant growth.

Having a pH greater than 7; refers to soil or solutions that can influence plant nutrient uptake.

Naturally occurring nitrogenous compounds found in plants, often with potent physiological effects.

A condition in animals caused by a high blood pH; not relevant to plants.