The DNA strand that serves as the template for RNA synthesis; also called the template strand.

A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA during translation in plants.

A hormone regulating water retention in animals; not present in plants.

A substance that inhibits enzyme activity; may occur in plant-insect or plant-pathogen interactions.

A substance that elicits an immune response; plants do not have antibodies, but can recognize pathogen-associated molecules.

A unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters; used in measuring molecules and cell structures.

An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of water; carbonic anhydrase is important in plant physiology.

A negatively charged ion; important in plant nutrient uptake and membrane potential.

A form of sexual reproduction involving gametes of different sizes; occurs in some algae and fungi.

A condition involving fused fingers or toes; not applicable to plants.