A genus of rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are pathogenic to humans and animals.

A bacterium that causes anthrax, often found in soil and capable of forming spores.

A genetic mutation that reverses the effects of a previous mutation, restoring the original gene sequence.

A breeding method in which an offspring is crossed with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to…

See ‘back-cross’.

The constant level of radiation present in the environment from natural sources such as cosmic rays and radon.

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, often leading to infection.

Single-celled microorganisms that can be found in a wide variety of environments, some of which are pathogenic.

A DNA molecule used for cloning large fragments of DNA in bacterial cells.

A uniform growth of bacteria spread over the surface of an agar plate, often used in antimicrobial testing.