The outermost part of a flower, consisting of sepals, which protect the flower bud before it opens.

Short for crassulacean acid metabolism, a photosynthetic process used by certain plants, like succulents, to minimize water loss in arid…

A layer of actively dividing cells in vascular plants, responsible for the growth of new tissues, including phloem and xylem.

A period in the geological time scale, around 541 to 485 million years ago, known for the rapid diversification of…

A type of eye structure found in humans and many animals, characterized by a single lens that focuses light onto…

A defense mechanism in animals where they blend into their surroundings to avoid detection by predators or prey.

A secondary messenger in cells, derived from ATP, that plays a key role in the transmission of hormonal signals and…

A plant sterol found in certain plant oils, with similar structure to cholesterol, that can have potential health benefits when…

A large area of exposed Precambrian rock that forms the core of the North American continent, covering parts of Canada…

A type of charged particle ray observed in a cathode ray tube experiment, consisting of positively charged ions.