The principle that the structure of one molecule complements the structure of another, such as in DNA, where adenine pairs with thymine.

A nitrogenous base in DNA or RNA that pairs with its complementary base according to base-pairing rules, such as adenine with thymine.

DNA synthesized from an mRNA template through the process of reverse transcription, used in gene cloning and other molecular biology techniques.

A sequence of nucleotides that is complementary to a given sequence, such as the complementary DNA strand to a mRNA sequence.

A genetic test used to determine whether two mutations that produce similar phenotypes are in the same gene or in different genes.

A type of inheritance where one allele completely masks the expression of the other allele in a heterozygous individual.

A flower that contains all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

A situation in which two genes are located very close to each other on the same chromosome and are inherited together without recombination.

A protein that contains all the essential amino acids required by the body in the correct proportions.

Polysaccharides made up of long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch and cellulose, which serve as energy storage and structural components in plants.