Factors that influence the population size or growth rate in a way that depends on the density of the population, such as competition for resources.

Factors that affect population size regardless of its density, such as natural disasters or climate changes.

A bone in the lower jaw that supports teeth, particularly in vertebrates.

Small, tooth-like structures found on the skin of some fish and sharks, often used for protection or aiding in swimming.

The hard, calcified tissue beneath the enamel in teeth, forming the bulk of a tooth’s structure.

An enzyme that breaks down DNA by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.

A molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.

A nucleotide that contains deoxyribose as its sugar component, one of the building blocks of DNA.

A sugar molecule that is part of the backbone of DNA, lacking one oxygen atom compared to ribose found in RNA.

A molecule formed by the bonding of deoxyribose sugar with a nitrogenous base, part of the structure of DNA.