A structure in animal cells that helps anchor cells to each other, providing mechanical strength to tissues.

The separation or loss of synaptic connections between neurons or other cells during development or injury.

A chemical substance used for cleaning, often by breaking down grease, dirt, and oils.

A type of growth in which an organism or structure reaches a set size or shape and stops growing once it reaches that size.

The process by which a cell or organism commits to a specific developmental fate, often referring to the specialization of cells.

The branch of botany that deals with the study of trees, including their identification, classification, and ecological roles.

A viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, causing symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and in severe cases, hemorrhagic fever.

Bacteria that convert nitrates in the soil to nitrogen gas, playing a key role in the nitrogen cycle by reducing excess nitrogen.

The mass per unit volume of a substance, often used to describe how tightly packed the molecules of a material are.

A laboratory technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their density by spinning the sample at high speed.