A highly polar solvent known for its ability to penetrate biological membranes and its use in medicine and biochemistry.

A solvent commonly used in chemical reactions and in the production of pharmaceuticals and plastics.

Refers to a species where male and female reproductive organs are found on separate individuals, a condition known as dioecy.

Referring to an organism that possesses two auditory organs, one on each side of the head.

A molecule formed by the bonding of two amino acids through a peptide bond.

Describes animals whose embryos have two primary germ layers: the ectoderm and endoderm, typical of simpler animals like cnidarians.

A cell or organism that has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, typical of most eukaryotic organisms.

A phase in the cell cycle where the organism’s chromosomes exist in pairs, as in a diploid organism.

A stage in prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes begin to separate but remain attached at chiasmata.

A molecule or system with two opposite electrical charges or poles, typically in reference to the separation of charge in a molecule.