The part of the human body at the end of the arm, consisting of the palm, fingers, and thumb, used for grasping and manipulating objects.

A cell or organism with one set of chromosomes, half the number found in diploid cells.

A group of genes or genetic variants inherited together from a single parent, often used in genetic mapping.

A dense layer of soil, typically hardened by clay or other minerals, that restricts water and root movement.

Wood derived from angiosperm trees, typically dense and durable, such as oak or maple.

A principle stating that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next unless acted upon by evolutionary forces.

A channel in bone tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves, part of the osteon structure in compact bone.

Abbreviation for hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

Abbreviation for high-density lipoprotein, a type of cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.