The process of maintaining optimal environmental conditions for growth or development, especially in biology and medicine.

An apparatus used to maintain controlled environmental conditions for the growth of microorganisms or cells.

One of the three small bones in the middle ear; also known as the anvil.

The principle that genes on different chromosomes are distributed independently during meiosis.

Growth that continues throughout an organism’s life, typical in many plants.

A naturally occurring plant hormone (auxin) that promotes cell elongation and other growth responses.

A model of enzyme function where the enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate upon binding.

A molecule that initiates gene expression by disabling a repressor or enhancing transcription.

An enzyme system that is synthesized in response to a specific substrate or environmental condition.

The initiation or stimulation of a biological process, such as enzyme production or cell differentiation.