The simple sugars that make up carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose.

A genetic condition where an individual has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

Relating to mountainous regions or environments typically found at high altitudes.

A graphical representation of disease distribution or death rates across different regions or populations.

A unit of genetic distance used to measure the frequency of recombination between genes, equivalent to a 1% crossover frequency.

A variant or form of an organism or a part of its anatomy, typically resulting from genetic or environmental factors.

The process by which cells and tissues develop into specific shapes and structures during growth and development.

The ability of an organism to change its form or structure in response to environmental conditions.

The study of the form and structure of organisms and their parts.

The incidence of death within a population or species, often used in studies of health or population dynamics.