Recombinant DNA technology is the technique of combining DNA from different organisms to create new genetic combinations for research, medicine, or agriculture.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making them easier to analyze or study in laboratory settings.

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria, which can carry genes that are not essential for the bacterium’s survival but can confer advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance.