DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-helix structure composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base…

Heredity is the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring, passing down traits through genes.

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing proteins, determining inherited traits.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can exist in different forms (dominant or recessive) and determines…

A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype of an organism, even if only one copy of…

A recessive trait is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies of the recessive allele are inherited, one from…

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the specific alleles inherited for a particular gene or set…

Phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics of an organism, influenced by its genotype and environmental factors.

Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that each organism carries two alleles for each trait, and these alleles separate during gamete…

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other, meaning the inheritance…