Plant Cells: Have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Animal Cells: Do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts and have smaller vacuoles. Animal cells have centrioles involved in cell division. Both plant and animal cells share organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

Nucleus: Stores genetic material and controls cell activities. Mitochondria: Produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP. Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesizes lipids and proteins; rough ER has ribosomes, while smooth ER does not. Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins for transport. Lysosomes: Break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, are usually unicellular, and are found in organisms like bacteria. Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus, contain membrane-bound organelles, and can be unicellular or multicellular (e.g., plants, animals).