Electron-transporting proteins in plant cells important for photosynthesis and respiration.

The study of plant cell structure, function, and chemistry.

Finger-like in shape or arrangement.

A fungal disease that causes seedlings to collapse and die, often due to overwatering.

Having thickly hairy or woolly leaves.

The removal of spent flowers to encourage further blooming and prevent seed formation.

The process of reducing soil alkalinity through amendments or leaching.

Decomposed plant and animal residues in soil that contribute to humus formation.

The hollow or pithy stem of grasses and bamboos, typically jointed.

A plant species or variety known only in cultivation, without a known wild ancestor.