Having decayed spots concealed by apparently sound wood.

Sand with minimal water-holding capacity, often used for drainage improvement.

The partially decomposed organic matter layer between fresh litter and mineral soil.

A mound or ridge of wind-deposited sand.

Prefix meaning two (e.g., duo-plicate – folded twice).

Occurring in pairs or having two similar parts.

The lifespan of a plant (annual, biennial, perennial).

A loose, dry surface layer of soil that reduces evaporation.

The act or condition of branching widely apart.

Spreading apart from a common point.