Prefix meaning upon, above, or over.

A whorl of bracteoles below the true calyx, resembling a second calyx.

The outermost layer of the fruit wall (pericarp).

The distal part of the labellum (lip) in some orchids.

Relating to shoots that grow from dormant buds on stems or trunks.

Growing on the surface of bark (as some roots of epiphytes).

The stem portion above the cotyledons but below the first true leaves in a seedling.

The outermost cell layer of plant organs, providing protection.

(1) Germination where cotyledons emerge above ground; (2) Growing above ground.

Developing or growing on a surface (especially of fungal growth on leaves).