Immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another individual, rather than through exposure to the pathogen itself.

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, such as diffusion or osmosis.

An organism, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus, that causes disease in its host.

The process by which a disease develops and progresses in a host.

Referring to organisms or substances that cause disease.

The study of diseases, their causes, effects, and the changes they cause in tissues and organs.

A series of actions or steps in a biological process, such as a metabolic pathway or signal transduction pathway.

Phosphate-buffered saline, a buffer solution commonly used in biological research and laboratory applications.

An abbreviation for ‘personal computer,’ or it can also refer to phosphatidylcholine, a type of phospholipid.

A type of enzyme complex that is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes.