The marks left on chromosomes after the process of crossing over, visible as X-shaped structures during meiosis.

A polyhedron with four triangular faces, often used in geometry to represent molecular structures or symmetry.

A form of folate (vitamin B9) that is involved in various biological reactions, including DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism.

A molecule composed of four subunits, typically referring to proteins made up of four polypeptide chains.

A genetically modified mouse that receives genetic material from four distinct parents, used for studying genetic inheritance and development.

A condition in which an organism has four sets of chromosomes, instead of the usual two, often resulting from a…

The state of having four complete sets of chromosomes, which can occur naturally or as a result of artificial manipulation…

A vertebrate animal with four limbs, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

A superclass of vertebrates that includes all four-limbed animals, both living and extinct, such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

A structure in the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.