A rapid increase in the population of microorganisms, especially algae, in aquatic environments, often causing environmental problems.

An event where an explosion or rupture occurs, typically used in reference to oil and gas wells or the expulsion of material from a biological system.

A thick layer of fat found under the skin of marine mammals, such as whales and seals, that provides insulation and energy storage.

Any cell in a multicellular organism that is not involved in reproduction, as opposed to germ cells or gametes.

A physiological phenomenon where an increase in carbon dioxide concentration or decrease in pH reduces the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, facilitating oxygen release in tissues.

A model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr, where electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths or orbits, similar to planets orbiting the sun.

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas, occurring when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure.

The amount of energy required to break a bond between two atoms in a molecule.

A measure of the energy required to break a chemical bond, related to the stability of the bond.

A rigid organ that forms part of the skeleton of vertebrates, providing structure, support, and protection for the body.