The breakdown of food molecules into simpler molecules by the action of enzymes and acids.

A representation of a molecule using chemical symbols and numbers to indicate the elements and their proportions.

A substance that changes color or exhibits other visible changes in response to changes in the chemical environment.

The repeating pattern of chemical properties observed across elements in the periodic table, reflecting their atomic structure.

A process in which one or more substances are transformed into new substances with different properties.

A one or two-letter notation representing a chemical element, typically derived from its name in Latin or English.

A theory that explains how energy is stored in the form of a proton gradient across a membrane, which is used to produce ATP.

The movement of an organism or cell in response to a chemical stimulus, such as toward or away from a particular substance.

A treatment for cancer and other diseases using drugs that inhibit the growth of cancerous or infected cells.

The growth or movement of an organism or its parts in response to a chemical stimulus.