A bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals, some strains of which can cause food poisoning and infections.

Relating to the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.

The abnormal dilation or widening of the esophagus, often caused by conditions like achalasia or strictures.

The narrowing or constriction of the esophagus, which can impair swallowing and lead to symptoms such as choking and regurgitation.

The muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach, allowing food and liquids to pass through.

An amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

A fatty acid that is required by the body but cannot be synthesized and must be acquired through diet, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

A hormone related to the estrous cycle, specifically a form of estrogen that plays a role in reproductive health.

A compound formed by the reaction between an alcohol and an acid, commonly found in fats, oils, and fragrances.

A medical professional who specializes in the study and treatment of sensory functions, including pain management.