A group of plant hormones that regulate growth, particularly seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering.

A thermodynamic quantity that represents the amount of work a system can perform at constant temperature and pressure.

A unit of measurement in genomics equivalent to one billion base pairs of DNA.

An extinct genus of ape that lived in Asia during the Pleistocene, known for its large size.

An organ found in aquatic animals used for breathing, typically for extracting oxygen from water.

The structures that support the gills in aquatic animals, such as fish, and play a role in filtering oxygen from water.

Structures found in fish gills that filter out food particles and other debris from the water.

The opening between the gill arches in aquatic organisms through which water flows over the gills.

Organs in aquatic animals used for respiration, allowing for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with water.

Inflammation of the gums (gingiva) and the tongue (glossitis), often due to infection or irritation.